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The fourth industrial revolution and its effects, such as the implementation of (AI) AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). ( AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). ), is a topic of great concern. AI has modified tasks related to resolutive processes, basing them on data processing. Besides, it has substituted manual jobs and intellectual tasks that until recently were particularly time and energy consuming. 

A high percentage of workers are using generative instruments in their jobs. Moreover, some studies forecast that, in the near future, millions of jobs will be completely transformed due to the implementation of AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). tools.

This perfect storm of technologies is bringing changes to our world and to the world of work. Therefore, it must be considered if this process will contribute to an improvement of occupational safety and health (OSH) or if, on the contrary, the algorithmic knowledge will influence only the quality and quantity of production or services.

What will be the effect on the world of work of the growing connection between physical and digital world? What are going to be the consequences for OSH of the use of digital technologies, such as AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). , robotics, drones, Internet of Things, 3D print, sensitive clothing, genetic engineering, quantum computers, GPS systems and virtual assistants?

On this topic recently, the European Parliament has issued the (AI) AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). Act (EU regulation 2024/1689). Its purpose is to rule the use and development of AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). systems in the European Union, trying to guarantee that it is used in an ethic, safe and responsible way, protecting the fundamental rights and the safety of the European citizens. The AI act will be implemented in all sectors and will also influence OSH. 

Most regulations introduced by the AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). Act will be implemented starting 2 August 2026. In the meantime, the European Commission, with the AI Pact, has invited AI developers to adopt freely the fundamental obligations on the AI Act before the legal terms are applied.

The implementation of AI refers to systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals. AI-based systems can be purely software-based, acting in the virtual world (e.g. voice assistants, image analysis software, search engines, speech and face recognition systems) or AI can be embedded in hardware devices (e.g. advanced robots, autonomous cars, drones or Internet of things applications). will hopefully bring prevention measures. There has to be considered if it will be able to protect workers’ OSH in the different industries and services. Furthermore, it is recommended to analyse the different operating phases of AI implementation for each industry and service, starting from the beginning of the process and finishing at the end.

* This text is an abstract from the article by Raffaele Bergaglio (criminal lawyer in Milan) that will be published on issue 8-9 of the Italian magazine ISL – Igiene & Sicurezza del Lavoro (Health and Safety at Work) – Wolters Kluwer Italy.